New standards for fuel consumption.

Closer to real consumption: WLTP replacing New European Driving Cycle (NEDC).

From 1 September 2017, fuel consumption figures for new cars entering the market have been determined using a new procedure, the WLTP. The WLTP will then be required of all new vehicle registrations from 1 September 2018. WLTP stands for Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure and is used to determine the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of vehicles. Find out what that means for you and your Audi here.

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What is WLTP?

Customers are increasingly relying on fuel consumption and emissions levels when choosing which car to buy. Read here how these values will be determined in the future with the new test method.

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Good reasons for the WLTP.

From autumn 2017, the NEDC laboratory test for cars will be replaced by the WLTP. New test parameters provide for more realistic, higher values. Read here to find out exactly how the procedures differ in practice.

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NEDC and WLTP.

From autumn 2017, the NEDC laboratory test for cars will be replaced by the WLTP. New test parameters provide for more realistic, higher values. Read here to find out exactly how the procedures differ in practice.

NEDC vs. WLTP

The standardized NEDC drive cycle applies to all passenger cars and light commercial vehicles. It was introduced by the European Union in 1992 to measure fuel consumption and vehicle-specific emissions and deliver comparable values. You can see at a glance the underlying assumptions in the graphs below.

NEDC

- The temperature in the test chamber was 20-30°C<br /> - The distance was about 11 km.<br /> - The cycle lasted about 20 minutes.<br /> - The cycle consisted of two phases: approx. 13 minutes of simulated city driving, and approx. 7 minutes of simulated cross-country driving<br /> - The average speed is about 33 km/h.<br /> - The vehicle was not moving 25% of the time.<br /> - The highest speed tested was 120 km/h.<br /> - The points where gears were shifted on models with manual transmission were precisely specified.<br /> - Special equipment and air conditioning were not taken into account.<br />

WLTP

- The temperature in the test chamber is 23°C<br /> - The distance is about 23 km.<br /> - The cycle lasts about 30 minutes.<br /> - It consists of four phases (low, medium, high, extra-high).<br /> - The average speed is about 47 km/h.<br /> - The vehicle was not moving 13% of the time.<br /> - The highest speed tested was over 130 km/h.<br /> - The gear shift points are calculated individually for each vehicle in advance.<br /> - Vehicle weight and additional equipment are included in the evaluation.<br />

Objectives of the new procedure.

The WLTP procedure redefines the test parameters for determining fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The advantages at a glance:

Transparency.

In the future, the actual everyday consumption of a vehicle will be better estimated. WLTP considers a driving profile closer to everyday reality than the previous NEDC standard, which was more of a synthetic laboratory test and served primarily to compare different vehicles. While consumption levels were measured under abstract laboratory conditions with the NEDC, the WLTP will provide a more accurate forecast of the vehicle's actual consumption. WLTP claims to simulate a more realistic driving style and thus achieve far more realistic results.

Standards.

One of the main objectives of the WLTP is a uniform procedure for measuring exhaust emissions and energy consumption for different types of engines such as gasoline, diesel, CNG, and even electric. A vehicle of the same type must deliver the same test result at all times in all parts of the world, if the WLTP cycle has been followed correctly. This required comparability makes lab testing unavoidable. Fuel consumption and emissions are determined reliably and representatively on the chassis dynamometer as part of a dynamic driving profile.

Questions and Answers

<p>In order to measure how much fuel a car consumes and whether it complies with applicable limits on vehicle emissions, standardised test procedures are prescribed. The framework conditions for testing and handling test results are defined by EU law. This ensures that the same framework conditions are used by all car manufacturers and other actors for transparent comparability. The test procedure measures the CO₂ and consumption values and exhaust emissions of a vehicle. For a new passenger car or light commercial vehicle model to be approved, the new "Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure" (WLTP) test procedure will gradually be applied throughout the EU as of 1 September 2017, replacing the previous NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). Approvals for new passenger car models or new engine/transmission options in Europe will only be made based on the WLTP results. From 1 September 2018, all vehicles when registered for the first time will have to be WLTP-certified.</p>

<p>WLTP is being implemented in the 28 EU Member States as well as Norway, Iceland, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Turkey, and Israel. It is also being used in a modified form in Japan and to test emissions in China. India and South Korea plan to introduce it at a later date.</p>

<p>No. The switch to WLTP will not mean any changes for vehicles already registered. In general, there are no CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption parameters in place for vehicles that were approved according to the previous procedure (NEDC). For these vehicles, the NEDC parameters remain relevant.</p>

<p>The EU Commission has recommended a uniform conversion of NEDC values to WLTP CO₂ emission and fuel consumption figures for disclosure to consumers by 1 January 2019. However, the binding rules on consumer disclosures are set at the national level. This may result in differences across markets.</p>

<p>WLTP has been mandatory for the approval of new models since September 2017. A deadline for disclosing the revised values has not yet been set. The NEDC therefore remains legally binding for the labelling and taxation of vehicles. The proposal of the EU Commission is a uniform transition of all new vehicles in consumer disclosures and taxation by 1.1.2019, in order to avoid unnecessary customer confusion with both NEDC and WLTP values being listed on new vehicles. In the transitional period from September 2017 to probably January 2019, the voluntary disclosure of the WLTP values to consumers is permitted. However, it must be clearly marked as an additional indicator of consumption. For the time being, the NEDC values remain binding for showroom labels and determining the energy efficiency label. The same applies to the calculation of vehicle taxes (in countries with a emissions-based tax component). However, taxation is part of national legislation and will be regulated in each country. Different approaches and timings are likely.</p>

<p>Even today in the NEDC, the results of the measurements from the test procedure are recorded in the certificate of conformity (CoC) enclosed with each vehicle. This certificate is the prerequisite for the authorities to issue a vehicle registration document with which the owner can later register the vehicle. For vehicles that have been tested according to WLTP, there will be two different CO₂ emission and fuel consumption values listed on the CoC: the WLTP values and the calculated NEDC values. The latter form the basis for the country-specific conversion of fuel consumption labelling and tax calculation until that country switches entirely over to WLTP.</p>

<p>RDE stands for Real Driving Emissions and refers to an exhaust gas measurement that takes place on the road and not in a laboratory under standardized as is the case with the WLTP. The key difference: in the RDE test, the exhaust gas components NOx (nitrogen oxides) and particulates (particulate matter) are tested using real-time road driving using mobile emission measurement technology (PEMS), but due to the large dispersion in road measurements, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are not measured. In conjunction with the introduction of WLTP, manufacturers must limit their vehicles' NOx and particulate emissions in real road traffic. While the particulate count limit is the same as for the WLTP, a conformity factor of 2.1 is used for the nitrogen oxides in RDE Stage 1. With a NOx limit of 80 mg/km for a Euro 6 diesel car, this corresponds to a maximum allowable emissions of 168 mg/km under RDE conditions. In RDE Stage 2, the conformity factor for NOx has been lowered to 1.0 (plus a margin for measurement tolerance).</p>

 
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The specified fuel consumption and emission data have been determined according to the measurement procedures prescribed by law. Since 1st September 2017, certain new vehicles are already being type-approved according to the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), a more realistic test procedure for measuring fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. On September 1st 2018, the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) was replaced by the WLTP in stages. Owing to the more realistic test conditions, the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions measured according to the WLTP will, in many cases, be higher than those measured according to the NEDC. Therefore, the usage of CO2 emission values measured according to WLTP for vehicle taxation from 1st September 2018 on can cause changes in this regard as well. For further information on the differences between the WLTP and NEDC, please visit www.audi.de/wltp or www.audi.ie/ie/web/en/models/layer/wltp-lp/layer/nefz-wltp.html

We are currently still required by law to state the NEDC figures. In the case of new vehicles which have been type-approved according to the WLTP, the NEDC figures are derived from the WLTP data. It is possible to specify the WLTP figures voluntarily in addition until such times as this is required by law. In cases where the NEDC figures are specified as value ranges, these do not refer to a particular individual vehicle and do not constitute part of the sales offering. They are intended exclusively as a means of comparison between different vehicle types. Additional equipment and accessories (e.g. add-on parts, different tyre formats, etc.) may change the relevant vehicle parameters, such as weight, rolling resistance and aerodynamics, and, in conjunction with weather and traffic conditions and individual driving style, may affect fuel consumption, electrical power consumption, CO2 emissions and the performance figures for the vehicle. Further information on official fuel consumption figures and the official specific CO₂ emissions of new passenger cars can be found in the guide “Information on the fuel consumption, CO₂ emissions and electricity consumption of new cars”, which is available free of charge at all sales dealerships and from DAT Deutsche Automobil Treuhand GmbH, Hellmuth-Hirth-Strasse 1, 73760 Ostfildern-Scharnhausen, Germany (www.dat.de).